pertaining to 属于，关于
-al pertaining to -ar
pertaining to
-ary pertaining to belonging to
-ase enzyme 酶
-cle
smallness 小,少,贫乏,小气
-e
an instrument 仪器-eal
pertaining to
Example
cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的
medical: pertaining to medicine molecular: pertaining
to
a
molecule 分子的
ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的 amylase:
any
enzyme
that
converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶
follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊
auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜
laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的, 喉音的
-ia -ic -ics -ine/in -ism
-ist
-itis
condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕
pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin 有毒的；因中毒引起的
study of; name of a paediatrics: study of children, their science
development and diseases 儿科学
substance 物质 insulin：substance (hormone)
produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰岛素
process or condition
alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒
one who specializes in pharmacologist: a doctor who 精通于……的人
specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家
inflammation refers to a rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal part in
passages
……部位的炎症 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎
-(i)um relation to a whole; endometrium: inner lining of the
-ive
-let
-ment -oid -ole -oma
related to uter子宫内膜
与……相关
characterizes by
antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药
tiny; small
droplet: a tiny drop 小滴
the result or product of an development:
thing
which
action
develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature
resembling; like mucoid: resembling mucus 像
粘液样的 little; small
centriole:
the
small
dense
structure in the middle of the centrosome 细胞中心粒；中心体
tumor; swelling refers to a dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of doer
the skin
皮肤纤维瘤
-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending
that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体
-ory
characterized pertaining to
by; suspensory: which is hanging down 悬吊式，悬带
-ose
sugar
fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖
-osis
abnormal condition
onychocryptosis:
abnormal
condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲
-ous
pertaining to
poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的
-somes bodies
ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体
-um
structure; substance 结构，物质
thing; magnesium: a white metallic
chemical substance 镁（金属元素）
-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良
The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes
Suffix Meaning -algia --ase
Example
pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛 enzyme
protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶
-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胚胎
胞，原始血细胞
tumor adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor from developing from glandular tissue
-carcinomalignant ma
developing
connective tissue 相关腺癌 组织的恶性肿瘤
-cele
protrusion; distention突esophagocele: 出；膨胀，延伸
abnormal
distention of the esophagus 食管突出
-centesis surgical puncture 手术paracentesis: surgical puncture of
a cavity for the aspiration of fluid
穿孔 穿刺术
absence
of
carbon
-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia:
dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏
-cide
kill
germicide: (substance) which can kill germs 杀菌剂
-clast
cell
phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞
-dynia
pain
glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛
-ectasia/ expansion; dilation(膨atelectasis: incomplete expansion -ectasis
胀，扩张)
excision
of the lungs at birth 肺不张 or gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术
-ectomy surgical
removal of
-edema excessive accumulation myxoedema: condition caused
of serous fluid 水肿
when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿
-emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病
-emesis vomiting 呕吐 hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血
-gen something that pathogen: a microorganism or
capable
of
producing
produced or prouduces agent
disease 病菌，病原体
-genesis production 生产
spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生
-globin protein蛋白质
hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素
-gnosis knowledge
diagnosis:
the
process
of
identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination
-gram
image; picture
electrocardiogram:
a
graphic
record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease. Abbr.
ECG
and
EKG.
Syn.
cardiogram 心电图
-graph(y) process of recording
记录过程
electocardiography: the process of making
or
recording
Syn.
electrocardiograms. cardiography 心电图记录
-iasis
condition; state 情况，状况
-iatry/ -iatrics
healing,
cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症
frequently podiatry: treatment of foot
refers to a branch of disorders medicine 康复，常指医学
足部医疗 的一个分支
-lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石
-logy the study of cytology: the science study of cells
细胞学
-logist
one who studies and urologist: treats
a
physician
who
specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生
-lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or
breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血
-malacia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化
-mania extreme compulsion or kleptomania:
preoccupation强迫症
a morbid,
uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖
-megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症
-metry/ measurement -meter
spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)
-odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛
-one hormone荷尔蒙，激素 parathormone: which regulates
calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素
-opia a defect in the eye眼睛myopia: being short-sighted 近视 的毛病
-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检
-osis morbid condition病态的 sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬
化症
-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失
-ostomy process of making an gastrostomy: surgical construction
opening
into
or
a of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术
connection between 造瘘
-oxia
level of oxygen氧水平 hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a
lack of oxygen in body tissues组织
缺氧
-pathy
disease; condition
-penia
deficiency
diseased ophthalmopathy: any eye disease
眼病 leukopenia:
deficiency
of
leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症
-pepsia digestion
eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好
--pexy
a fixing or setting firmly hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a in place by suturing 缝displace liver肝固定术 合固定
-phagia/eating; swallowing 吃，dysphagia: difficulty in swallowingphagy -phil
吞咽
吞咽困难
attraction吸引，具有吸basophil: type of leucocyte or 引力的事物
white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞
-phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶
-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or
enlargement of an organ or tissue
增生，数量型肥大
-phonia voice
dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难
-plasm formation; growth or cytoplasm: jelly substance in the
substance of formation cell细胞浆
-plasty surgical repair
osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术
--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热
射病
-pnea
breathing
eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸
--ptosis a falling, the dropping or hepatoptosis:
abnormally
low
sagging of an organ器官position of the liver肝下垂 下移
-ptysis
spitting分散
melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰
-poiesis production
hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用
-rrhage/ bursting forth of blood menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding
-rrhagia 出血 -rrhaphy surgical
suturing
-rrhea
overflow
sewing
during menstruation 月经过多 or splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术
hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢
-(o)rrhexisplitting or rupture 撕amniorrhexis: rupture of the s
裂，破裂，疝气
amniotic ac 羊膜破裂
-sarcoma malignant
developing connective tissue
-schesis a
holding
tumor liposarcoma: from containing fat
脂肪肉瘤
uroschesis: suppression of urine闭back;
malignant
tumor
suppression of discharge尿，尿潴留 阻碍；抑制排放
-sclerosis a hardening
dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病
-scope
instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for
performing medicate ausculation听诊器
-scopy
process of examining hepatoscopy: examination of the
visually liver 肝检查
-spasm involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of
the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛
-stasis
suppression; stoppage; hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding control; arrest抑制，中
止血，止血法 止
-stenosis abnormal narrowing of a laryngostenosis:
abnormal
duct or canal管、道德异narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄 常狭窄
-stomy surgical opening to the colostomy: surgical operation to
outside of the body造口 make an opening from the colon结
肠造口术
-tention pressure
hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压
-therapy treatment
physiotherapy:
treatment
of
disease by physical means物理疗法
--tion
process
hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院
-tocia -tome
labor; birth 生产 tool for incision
embryotocia: abortion 流产 arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀
-tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the
stomach 胃切开术
-tropia
turning 转弯，变向
esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视
-trophy nourishment
or dystrophy: disorder caused by
development of an organdefective nutrition or metabolism器官的营养、发育
-uria
营养不良
a condition of the urinedysuria: difficultly in passing urine （小便）
排尿困难
eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转
-version turning
Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes Prefix Meaning a-/an-
without; not
Example aphasia:
the
inability
to
understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失
ab-
ad- acro-
alb-
amb-/ ambi-
amphi-/ ampho-
ana- Angio- away from
to; toward; near a point or tip
white
both
both; both sides up; back again a blood vessel 语症
abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产
adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的 acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲
albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者
ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋
amphicentric:
beginning
and
ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管
anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢
angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤
ante- anti- audi- auto- bi- bio-
brady- carcin- cata-
before antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的
against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂
hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定
self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体
two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的
living organisms生命体 biochemistry:
chemistry
living
tissues生物化学
slow
bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓
carcinoma or cancer癌；carcinogen:
a
cancer-causing
瘤
substance致癌物
downwards;
under; cataract: condition where the lens
of the eye gradually becomes hard
against; along with
centi-
and opaque白内障
one hundredth百分之一 centimeter: unit of measurement
co(n)- contra- de-
deca- deci-
di-
with or together against
removal or loss
ten tenth
two
of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米
consanguineous: blood
relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的
contraception:
prevention
of
pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法
decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的
decagram: ten grams 十克 deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升
diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言
dia- dis- dys- echo-
ect-/ ecto-
en-
endo-
epi- ery-
through; between; diathermy: process of (treating)
apart; across
through heat 透热疗法
reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂
bad; difficult; disordered dysarthrosis: deformity or
malformation of a joint关节变形
sound
echocardiography:
ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术
outside or outer
ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤
in; within
enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣
inside
endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜
on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮 red
erythrocyte:
mature
eso-
inward; within(向内)
eu-
good
ex-/ exo- out of extra-
outside
hemi-
half
hydro-
water
hyper-
higher or too much
hypo-
less or too little
non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞
esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视
eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学
exhale: to breath out 呼出 extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的
hemiplegia:
severe
paralysis
affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂
hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水
hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症
hypokalaemia:
deficiency
of
in-
in-
infra-
inter-
intra-
itro-
mal-
meta-
in or into
not
below or beneath
between
inside
into
bad or abnormal
changes
potassium in the blood 低血钾
inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配
incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次
infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌
interlobular: between lobules小叶间的
intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内
introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人
malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障
metaplasia: change of one tissue
micro-
mid-
milli-
mis-
multi-
noct-
nona-
octa-
very small
middle
one thousandth
error or wrong
many
at night
nine or the nineth
eight
to another
化生，转化，组织变形
microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞
midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的
milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克
miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产
multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇
nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症
nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形
octan: every eight days八日热；每
隔八日发一次的
odont-
teeth
odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders
onco-
tumours
oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学
oro-
mouth
orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的
pachy- thickening
pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚
pali-/ palin-
against;
pathologic palindromic:
recurs
复发的，再发的
pan-/panall t-/ panto-
pancytopenia:
abnormal
(disease)
which
repetition病态的重复
depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症
para- similar to or near; paralyse or paralyze: to weaken
(muscles) so that they cannot
changed or beyond
pen-/ penta-
five
function使麻痹，使瘫痪
pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine 戊糖尿
per- through percutaneous: done or
administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的
peri-
around
pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎
pero-
deformed or defective畸peromelia: congenital deformity of 形有缺陷的
the limbs 四肢不全
pharmacdrugs o-
pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines,
and
their
action,
properties and characteristics药理学，药物学
pleo-/ pleio-
too many
pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细
胞
pluri-
more
pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands多线性的
pneum-/ air or
the
lungs; pneumonia: inflammation of a lung
pneunmobreathing
- poly-
touching many organs post- after or later pre-
before of in front of
presby- old age
pro-/
before or in front of
supin-/ lying on the back pron-
bend forward
quadri-/ four 肺炎
polyphagia: condition where a
patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症
postprandial: after a meal 餐后的 premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产
presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼
prognosis:
prediction
of
the
outcome of a disease预测；预后
quadruplet or quad: one of four
quint- radio- semi- sub- super- syn-
supra-
tachy-
five/fifth ray or radiation half under above; extremely with; joint
above; over
fast
babies born to a mother at the same time四胞胎
radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法
semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂
submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的
superalbuminosis: abnormal
increase of albumin白蛋白过多
syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments 韧带联合
suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺
tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速
tetra- four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial diseases 四环素
trans- across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a
tri- ultra- uni- xen(o)-
three beyond; excess one strange; foreign disease, from one person to another 传染
tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎
ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic sound waves 超声波学
uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的
xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between animals of different species 异种移植物
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