登岳阳楼菩萨蛮

来源：华佗养生网

well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be登岳阳楼（赛课教案）

三维目标

1、背诵本诗。

2、学习如何通过对古典诗歌中意象的把握来体会和品味诗歌的意境美。

3、通过学习了解杜甫诗歌的意境和创作风格，并进一步探究中国古典诗歌的不同风格。

4、学会通过反复诵读、联想想象去置身诗境，通过意象联缀、补充联想、炼字炼句缘景明情。

重点难点

重点：

通过学习本诗了解鉴赏古典诗歌要置身诗境，缘景明情。

难点：

“坼”“浮”字妙处的理解。

教学手段

多媒体课件

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Terms of Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be课时计划

1课时

教学内容与步骤

复习导入

在必修三这一册教材中，我们学习过杜甫的《登高》一诗，大家还能背下来吗？（学生齐背）对，背得很好。哪一位同学能不能说说看，这首诗选用了哪些意象，营造了怎样的意境，抒发了作者怎样的感情？

明确：

意象：急风、高天、哀猿、清渚、白沙、归鸟、落木、长江

意境：沉郁悲凉（萧瑟凄凉），雄浑开阔。

情感：长年漂泊，老病孤愁，时世艰难，忧国伤时。

今天我们运用“置身诗境，缘景明情”的方法来学习他的另一首诗——《登岳阳楼》，看看这首诗又选用了哪些意象，营造了怎样的意境，抒发了作者什么情感。

朗读背诵（先教师范背，再学生个人朗读，集体齐读，试背）

赏析指导

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be（一）知人论世

唐代宗大历三年（768）冬，杜甫由一路又漂泊到岳阳，此诗是诗人登上神往已久的岳阳楼而望故乡，触景感怀之作。时年五十七岁，距生命的终结仅有两年，患肺病及风痹症，左臂偏枯，右耳已聋，靠饮药维持生命。面对烟波浩渺、壮阔无垠的洞庭湖，诗人会有怎样的感情呢？

（二）初知意象

这首诗用到了哪些意象？这些意象分别带给你怎样的感受？

洞庭水、岳阳楼——辽阔雄伟

吴楚、乾坤日月——开阔博大

孤舟——孤单漂泊

（三）置身诗境

过渡：有的诗歌意象常见，且通篇基调一致，这样的意象所构成的意境和表达的情感相对容易把握，可是杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，用到的是比较少见的意象，而且这些意象之间，具有较大的跳跃性，尤其是从开阔博大的“吴楚、乾坤日月”一下子跳到狭小的“孤舟”。怎么理解呢？这就要求我们在欣赏诗歌的过程中，借助联想和想象，将作者所描绘的意象和画面一一再现到自己的脑海中，使整个心灵沉浸在一个想象的世界之中，得到审美享受。这就是置身诗境的方法。

参考：早就听闻洞庭湖水的波澜壮阔，今天有幸登上了岳阳楼来一睹洞庭湖的雄姿。只见吴楚两地被广阔浩瀚的湖水一分为二，分布于东南两边，苍茫无际的湖面上，波浪一浪掀过一浪，向天边汹涌而去，大地长天、日月星辰日日夜夜在湖里浮荡着，景象壮美极了！回头想一想自己，亲朋故旧竟无一字寄给漂泊江湖的我，衰老多病的我呀，只有生活在一只小小的舟船上。透过这浩渺无边的洞庭湖，遥望关山以北，那里仍然是兵荒马乱、战火纷飞；一想到这，靠在窗轩之上的我不禁涕泪交流。

（四）缘景明情

1、从首联“昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼” 一句，你感受到作者登楼的感情怎样呢？

写早闻洞庭盛名，然而到暮年才实现目睹名湖的愿望，表面看有初登岳阳楼之喜悦，其实此时的诗人，经历了岁月的沧桑，面对山河破碎的祖国，自己壮志未酬，国家前途渺茫，可谓百感交集。

这种情感是怎么表现的呢？

虚实交错，今昔对照。用“昔闻”为“今上”蓄势，为描写洞庭湖酝酿气氛。

2、“吴楚东南坼，乾坤日月浮。”

让你联想到了谁的诗句？由此感受到了怎样的意境？

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be“日月之行，若出其中；星汉灿烂，若出其里。”（曹操《观沧海》）（比较：曹操的诗句通过写沧海吞吐日月，写出了自己博大的胸襟。杜甫此诗也有异曲同工之妙，让我们感受到了洞庭湖的浩翰无边、吞吐日月，同样壮阔。）（意境：博大壮阔）

比较一下：“吴楚东南坼，乾坤日月浮”与孟浩然的“气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城”比较，各有怎样的妙处？

比较：孟浩然的诗句写出了洞庭湖丰厚蓄积，澎湃动荡，极为有力，不仅写出其广大浩渺，还充满了活力。杜甫这一句诗的气象则更为阔大，其气度胸襟可说是“雄跨古今”。）

这两句中表现力最强的词语分别是哪个？（坼、浮）你能说说这两个词的妙处吗？（可与“列”“映”比较）

“坼”字，诗人下得有力，仿佛洞庭万顷波涛、千层巨浪，把吴、楚两地的广袤区域冲开、，显示出洞庭湖的磅礴气势。而“浮”字，具有十分鲜明的动态感，在诗人的笔下，洞庭几乎包容了整个天地万物，并且主宰着它们的沉浮，日月星辰都随着湖水的波动而漂荡起落，一派雄浑壮阔的图景展现在读者眼前。

这两句写景，有没有表现作者的情感？

（对洞庭湖的礼赞，对个人身世飘零的感叹、对国家命运的担忧。）

3、“亲朋无一字，老病有孤舟”一句，抒发了作者怎样的情感？

写政治生活坎坷，漂泊天涯，怀才不遇的心情。“亲朋无一字”，得不到精神和物质方面的任何援助；“老病有孤舟”，从大历三年正月自夔州携带妻儿、乘舟出峡以来，既

4、面对浩渺的洞庭湖，诗人只是感叹自己的身世吗？（不是）从哪句可以看出？（戎马关山北，凭轩涕泗流。）如果说，前三联是句句写景，句句含情的话，那么这一联则是直接抒情。此时的杜甫不只是感叹自己穷愁潦倒、漂泊无依的身世，更为正处在战火中的祖国“涕泗”横流啊。

儒家说：“达则兼济天下，穷则独善其身。”此时的杜甫呢？他是“穷也胸怀天下，胸怀百姓”啊，他这种忧国忧民的情怀，你们还从他的哪些诗句感受到了呢？

“安得广厦千万间，大庇(bì)天下寒士俱欢颜，风雨不动安如山。呜呼！何时眼前突兀见（xiàn）此屋，吾庐独破受冻死亦足！”（杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》）

“国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。”（杜甫《春望》）

“花近高楼伤客心，万方多难此登临。”（杜甫《登楼》）

……

让我们带着这种感情，齐声背诵《登岳阳楼》吧。

从意象、意境、情感上总结全诗

1、意象：洞庭水、岳阳楼、吴楚、乾坤日月、孤舟

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be2、意境：沉雄悲壮、博大深远

3、情感：身世之悲、家国之忧

自主赏析：

通过《登岳阳楼》的赏析，我们又一次学习运用了诗歌鉴赏方法——置身诗境，缘景明情。下面请运用这种方法自主赏析李白的《与夏十二登岳阳楼》，完成后面的几个题目。

与夏十二登岳阳楼李白

楼观岳阳尽，川迥洞庭开。雁引愁心去，山衔好月来。

云间连下榻，天上接行杯。醉后凉风起，吹人舞袖回。

【背景点击】开元二年(759)，李白流放途中遇赦，回舟江陵，南游岳阳而作此诗。夏十二，李白朋友，排行十二。李白登岳阳楼楼诗，留下了这首脍炙人口的篇章，使岳阳楼更添一层迷人的色彩。

1．颔联中的“雁引愁心去”一句，有的版本写作“雁别秋江去”。你认为哪一句更妙，为什么？

2．第三联“云间连下榻，天上接行杯”所运用的艺术表现手法做简要分析。

3．人笔下的岳阳楼最突出的特点是什幺?抒发了诗人的什幺情感?

参：

1．“雁引愁心去”运用了拟人手法，写出了李白流放遇赦的高兴心情。这一句写大雁有意为诗人带走愁心，下句写君山有情为诗人衔来好月，愁去喜来，互相映衬。“引愁心”比“别秋江”更富有感情色彩，且更新颖。

2．第三联运用夸张手法写出了岳阳楼高耸入云的情状，同时这两句诗想像神奇，在云间连榻，在天上“行杯”，写出了诗人恍若置身仙境的情景。

3．诗人笔下的岳阳楼最突出的特点是“高”。情感是欢乐喜悦，超脱豁达。

4．“诗眼”分别“引”“衔”。“引”形象地写出了大雁懂得人情，把愁心带走的情境；“衔”形象地写出了山懂得人的心意，把好月送来，与诗人共享欢乐的情境。

布置作业：

运用置身诗境、缘景明情的方法自学并背诵默写杜甫的《阁夜》《旅夜书怀》。

结束语：

诗歌鉴赏中最重要的莫过于通过对意象的把握、发挥想象，体会和品味诗歌特有的意境美，从而准确把握诗歌所表达的情感。这一堂课，我们进一步熟悉了赏析诗歌的重要方法——置身诗境，缘景明情。只要同学们在学习中国古典诗歌时，重视反复诵读，置身诗

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be境，将作者所描绘的意象和画面一一再现到自己的脑海中，体会诗歌所再现的意境，并抓住最富有表现力的词语来进行赏析，我相信，同学们一定能陶醉在中国古典诗歌所带给我们的审美享受之中。

韦庄《菩萨蛮》(教案)

教学目标

1．把握韦庄疏朗秀美、明白晓畅（“显而疏”）的语言特点。

2．体会由情到景，由景到情，景情并茂的艺术效果。

3．理解花间词直抒胸臆，却又盘旋郁结的抒情方式。

教学重难点：直抒胸臆，却又盘旋郁结的抒情方式。

教学课时：一课时

教学过程

一、导入新课

“江南好，风景旧曾谙。日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。能不忆江南？”是白居易赞美江南的名句，今天我们来欣赏花间词派代表作家韦庄赞美江南的词作《菩萨蛮》，比较鉴赏两人词的不同风格特色。

1．作者简介

韦庄，字端己，京兆杜陵人。此前曾漫游各地。曾任校书郎，左补阙等职。后入蜀，为王建掌。王氏建立前蜀，他做过宰相。终于蜀。他的诗都很著名，诗极富画意，词尤工。与温庭筠同为“花间”重要词人。长安的长篇叙事诗《秦妇吟》，影响极大，被称为“秦妇吟秀才”，著有《浣花集》

2．关于花间词派和婉约派的区别

后蜀赵崇祚收录了温庭筠、欧阳炯、韦庄等十八位词人的作品凡五百首编成文学史上第一部文人词总集，取名《花间集》，后人将这十八位词人的作品称为花间词。词的题材，十之为花间月下，男女之情，其他尚有些咏史征戍、行旅写景之作。风格以辞意婉约，香软秾艳为主，史称花间词派。北宋词家，如晏殊、欧阳修、柳永、秦观、周邦彦、李清照等人，上承花间词，去其香软浮艳，以蕴藉雅正见长，语言秀丽而清新，情思曲折而真切。

婉约，是宛转含蓄之意。

3．背景介绍

《菩萨蛮》是韦庄避乱在南方写的一组词，《菩萨蛮》共五首。主要歌颂江南水乡的景色和人物的秀丽以及对家乡的思念。

二、阅读下面这首《菩萨蛮》，回答（1）—（2）两道小题。

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be菩萨蛮韦庄

人人尽说江南好，游人只合[注①]江南老。春水碧于天，画船听雨眠。垆边人[注②]似月，皓腕凝霜雪[注③]。未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠。

[注]：①合：应当。②垆边人：酒家女。③霜雪：形容女子手腕白皙。

（1）简要概括：词中从哪些方面写出了“江南好”？

（2）客居他乡的人总是为思乡之情所苦，这首《菩萨蛮》却写道：“未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠。”试分析这两句表达了怎样的情感。

答案：（1）“春水碧于天”，描绘了江南水乡的景色（风景）美。（或：描绘了江南水乡的秀色）“画船听雨眠”描绘了江南人的生活（情趣）美。（或：描绘了悠然自得的情趣）“垆边人似月，皓腕凝霜雪”写出了江南的人美。【答对每1 点得1分】（2）久居他乡的人都会思念家乡，作者却说，不到老的时候就不要回乡，否则会因为过早离开江南而遗憾、惆怅，从侧面表达了对江南极度的赞美和留恋之情（此处答案有待商榷）。

三、诗句赏析

1．“人人尽说江南好，游人只合江南老”

这两句意思：人人都说江南好，确实如此，到江南来作客的人应该在这儿住上一辈子。

小结：这两句抒情。韦庄是北方人，在中原一片战乱中来到了江南，而在江南韦庄只

2．“春水碧于天，画船听雨眠。”

这两句意思是：江南春水澄澈，比蓝天更蓝碧，在这碧于天的江水上，卧在画船之中听那潇潇雨声，这种生活比起中原的战乱，是何等的闲适自在啊。

小结：这两句写景。描绘了江南水乡的美丽风景和江南人悠然自得的生活情趣。

3．“垆边人似月，皓腕凝霜雪。”

这两句的意思是：在炉边卖酒的少女像像月亮一样美丽，手腕洁白得像凝满了霜雪。

小结：这两句写人，赞美了江南窈窕美丽的女子。

4．“未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠。”

须：必定。断肠：形容非常伤心。

其意思是：年轻人未老时还是不要回乡，若是回乡一定会使你伤心断肠。

小结：这最后两句是抒情，抒发了想回故乡勒欲归不得的盘旋郁结的苦衷。

这抒情体现了花间词特点，虽直抒胸臆，却又婉转含蓄，饶有韵致。说“莫还乡”实

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be则正由于想到了还乡。他没有用“不”字，用的是有叮嘱口吻的“莫”字，表现出了一种极深婉而沉痛的情意，你想还乡，而现在没有老，不能还乡，表现了对故乡欲归不得的盘旋郁结的苦衷。后面说“还乡须断肠”，这正是别人之所以敢跟你说“游人只合江南老”的理由，因为你回到那弥漫着战乱烽火的故乡，只会有断肠的悲哀。讲到这里再回头看“人人尽说江南好，游人只合江南老”，就会明白陈廷焯为什么赞美韦庄词“似直而纡，似达而郁”了。

四、全诗主旨意境

这首词描写了江南水乡的风光美和人物美，既表现了诗人对江南水乡的依恋之情，也抒发了诗人飘泊难归的愁苦之感。

五、艺术特点

在谋篇布局上，上片开首两句与下片结尾两句抒情，中间四句写景、写人。全词写得情真意切，具有较强的艺术感染力。具体特点是：

1．语言疏朗秀美、明白晓畅。

2．抒情直抒胸臆，却又婉转含蓄（陈廷焯：“似直而纡，似达而郁”）

3．写景写人纯用白描，却又清新明丽。

一、教学目标

1、领会韦庄词“显而疏”的艺术特色。了解全词上阕由情而景，下阕由景而情结构的

2、了解这首词赞美江南，同时借对江南的赞美和断然劝留的口吻，突出江南的好处，也反衬游子不能返乡的苦衷之意的思想。

3．能够通过对温庭筠、韦庄词的比较鉴赏，了解花间词的艺术风格以及两人词的不同风格特色。

二、教学过程

1、导入，“未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠”是名句，高一必修一柯灵的《乡土情结》一文中曾引用。

2、作者介绍

韦庄(约公元836年一公元910年)，字端己。五代前蜀诗人、词人。长安杜陵(今陕西西安东南)人。韦应物四世孙。广明二年(公元881年)在长安应举，适值黄巢军占领长安，未能脱走。中和二年(公元882年)春，逃至洛阳。后流落江南。乾宁元年(公元4年)再试及第，任校书郎。四年奉诏随谏议大夫李询入蜀宣谕。光化三年(公元900年)除左补阙。天复元年(公元901年)为西蜀王建掌。天桔四年(公元907年)，劝王建称帝建前蜀，官至吏部侍郎平章事。终于蜀，谥文靖。曾居成都浣花溪畔杜甫草堂，后人又称“韦浣花”。诗多忧时伤乱之作，怀古感旧，缘情而发。其词尤具特色，内容虽不外男女欢爱、离愁别恨，然能注入作者平生漂泊乱离、思乡怀旧之感，感情真挚，笔调清新，能运密入疏，寓浓于淡，多用白描手法，是“花间词人”中的代表作家。

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be韦庄的《菩萨蛮》词，共有五首，前后呼应，一气流转，是在章法结构方面极有次第的一组作品。与其他词人随意为某一曲调填写许多首歌词的情形，颇有不同。韦庄曾多年流寓江南，即江浙一带，这五首《菩萨蛮》为韦庄晚年寓蜀回忆旧游之作。课文节选的是第二首。

3、朗读全词，体味情感。

4、思考

（1）说说《菩萨蛮》(人人尽说江南好)一词如何写江南之美的。

明确：首二句“人人尽说江南好，游人只合江南老”，借他人对江南的赞美和断然劝留的口吻，突出江南的好处。从别人口中道出江南之好。游人留恋江南，合平常情；异地为客，不愿还乡却似有悖常理，但正因为如此，才更加表现出了江南的好处。这是侧面写。“春水碧于天”，不但形容了春水的颜色，言外尚有水面开阔，明净，倒映着整个蓝天白云的美丽意境在。写江南景色之美，“画船听雨眠”，写出江南春季多雨，那就不妨安稳地躺在画船中，听着雨声人眠，写得悠闲之至。这样美好的江南，怎么不令人留连?写江南生活之美。三四句具体描绘江南水乡风光之“好”：写得极富有诗意。

词的下片紧承江南好而状江南女子之美：“垆边人似月，皓腕凝霜雪”。怎不令人陶醉?写江南人之美，令游子生爱赏留恋之意。这几句，一气贯通，多方面铺写江南之美，全力促成“游人”之“只合江南老”的多种理由。将“游人只合江南老”的理由说得人人信服。

（2）俞平伯在《读词偶得》说：“此作清丽婉畅，真天生好言语，为人人所共见。就

对词中“未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠”这一句，历来有不同的理解，对下面的古人的评述，你是如何理解的？

前人的评述：

1、一幅春水图画。意中是乡思，笔下却说江南风景好，真是泪溢中肠，无人省得。结言风尘辛苦，不到年，不得回乡，预知他日还乡必断肠也，与第二语口气合。

——[清]陈廷焯《云韶集》

解读：结句“未老莫还乡，还乡须断肠”含义深婉。按常情，作客异乡的人总以不得还乡的而愁绪满怀，诗却偏偏反过来说“还乡须断肠”，突出了江南的生活太值得留恋了，也突出了江南的美。其实，词句中还包含这样的含义：年华幸尚未老，今日暂莫还乡，然而终老之日必得还乡，“还乡须断肠”正是今日“莫还乡”的缘故。“莫”“须”等虚词斩钉截铁的口吻，正是极端无奈痛苦之语。结句可以说写得情真意苦之极。

2、此首写江南之佳丽，但有思归之意。起两句，自为呼应。人人既尽说江南之好，劝我久住，我亦可以老于此间也。“只合”二字，无限凄怆，意谓天下丧乱，游人飘泊，虽有乡不得还，虽有家不得归，惟有羁滞江南，以待终老。“春水”两句，极写江南景色之丽。“垆边”两句，极写江南人物之美。皆从一己之经历，证明江南果然是好也。“未老”句陡转，谓江南纵好，我仍思还乡，但今日若还乡，目击离乱，只令人断肠，故惟有暂不还乡，以待时定。情意宛转，哀伤之至。

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be——唐圭璋《唐宋词简释》

解读：

借他人对江南的赞美和断然劝留的口吻，突出江南的好处，同时也有反衬游子不能返乡的苦衷之意。

5、探究

西蜀花间词人中成就最高的是韦庄，与温庭筠并称为“温韦”。同属花间，但二人的区别也很明显：试从这两首花间派的词分析温韦两人的风格特点的不同。

明确：

意象选用上：

温词意象迭出，结构跳跃，；温词意象迭出，一两句能包含多层意蕴，

韦词则意象疏朗，一首词围绕一件事从容展开。

温词如周舫、张萱笔下的簪花仕女，蹙金结绿。

韦词则如吴道子笔下之淡妆美人，疏朗清秀；

温词如富丽堂皇之牡丹，韦词则如(夏承焘语)，易于直接触发情感的感动。

温词多客观描绘，感情的表达隐约含蓄，虽可能时或寓有沦落失意的苦闷，却非常隐约，只是唤起人一种深美的联想而已。

韦词多是对自己感情的主观书写，细腻婉约，浅近自然；疏朗秀美，明白晓畅；常常以其清疏的笔法和显直明朗的抒情，异于温庭筠等人。

风格上：

温词风格浓艳密丽，韦词风格明朗疏淡；

温词易流于艳、晦、腻，韦词易于流于滑、浅、俗。

温庭筠《菩萨蛮》这首词纯熟地运用了白描手法。诗人正像一个高明的导演，通过一架摄像机客观地摄录下女主人公起床后的一系列动作，似乎不动一点感情，也不作任何旁白，但是，只要我们细细地体味，词人无疑是匠心独运地选取了一些能够表现题旨的镜头，只是表达得非常委婉含蓄而已。

此首则写梦醒时之情思也。……全首以人物之态度、动作、衣饰、器物作客观之描写，而所写之人之心情乃自然呈现。此种心情，又为因梦见离人而起者．虽词中不曾明言，而离愁别恨已萦绕笔底，分明可见，读之动人。(刘永济《唐五代两宋词简析》)

读这首长如同观赏一幅著名的《簪花仕女图》那样，词人以工笔画中极少见的特殊技

people-oriented in the name of reducing our enthusiasm. Premier Wen Jiabao's Government work report this year, identified as 7% growth, 2.1% lower than last year's 9.1%, but in 8 work remains to accelerate development in the first place ... Work standards. Second is to use the scale of development to understand. Society is evolving, human needs are also changing. Practice of humanism is a long-term process and cannot be achieved overnight. o treat people if you stand still and rigid dogma, it is possible to return to this, see things but not people's old ways. Therefore, we have to follow the development of the times, and continue debugging the humanist perspective, innovative people-oriented way. Under the new historical conditions, we are requested by the times, set up a brand new concept, a high starting point, high standard of armed people, shaping, exercise, people, constantly taking the new connotation of the times. Termof Office, is to lead the vast numbers of cadres to actively adapt to the knowledge faster and actively adapt to the increasingly high level of leadership situation, actively adapt to the demand of the masses more and more situations, eager to learn, enhance accumulation, efforts, honed the ability to overcome a good service, panic. Third is to use realistic understanding. Adhere to people-oriented must be based on reality, not divorced from reality. Desk no water cups here in Hong Kong, staff need to drink some water to the drinking fountain on a floor, the glass used is a one-time non-cone type. Drink this cup can only hold, cannot be put down. This is not only to save on glass materials, more important is to force you to get drinking water, go back to your seat business. Our emphasis on people-oriented, does not imply you can indulge the desires, the comfortable, the pursuit of enjoyment. Office of the party committees at all levels of our comrades, must continue to maintain the style of plain living and hard struggle, to stand up to the tests of temptations, exciting \"energy\" conservation \"disposition\" to the spirit of selfless dedication and provide services. Investee 4. clearly defined responsibilities. Putting people first is a common vision of development, everyone is a liability. People-oriented, above and below with the responsibility for coordinating system must be established and hold everyone accountable. First, we must strengthen the leadership. \"In its place, its governance, its level, bear the responsibility of the Division.\" This is the minimum requirement for leaders, is a measure of the basic criteria for whether a leading cadre is competent. Leaders need to \"it is an official term for the benefit of\" mission, consciously assume responsibility for implementing people-oriented. Director of the Office of the party committees at all levels is the responsibility of the units to implement people-oriented, to manage their people, \"plug in own responsibility\ducation of leading cadres, cadres and cadres work, efforts to revitalize the Office of human resources, Office work is full of vigor and vitality well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a person's energy, mobilizing people's enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. \"Three emphasis on\" to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation critera, is to keep contact, development, comprehensive eye evaluation of cadres. Office work, both \"record\" and \"potential performance\"; both subjective efforts, take another look at theobjective condition; both \"pragmatic\" enough, take another look at the \"retreat\" level. Second, focus on participating the breadth of the subject. Evaluation of cadres must give full play to democracy, cadres and the masses handing over evaluation. Office work services leadership and service base, serve the people, then nominated the main object will contain a variety of services, so that assessment was accurate and to avoid one-sidedness. Third, pay attention to the seriousness of the conclusion. The use of evaluation findings is mainly embodied in his direction. Permitted to choose one, it would be tantamount to establishing a banner. Evaluation can't take care of the balance, otherwise it would undermine the offset the positive significance of evaluation. Office of the party committees at all levels should take the findings as on the cadres ' bonus-penalty, an important basis for future movements, incentive and restraint effect of making evaluations. 3. Prevention of understanding \"infidelity\". People-centered development, concrete is dialectical,. In practice in the process, to prevent one-sided and still look, from actual people. One is to use dialectical point of view to understand. Humanist is the core of the scientific Outlook on development, remains thedevelopment of the scientific Outlook on development emphasizes, is still taking economic construction as the Center. Any departure from the development of thought and action, is a misinterpretation and misunderstanding of people-oriented. Adhere to people-oriented both to overcome one-sidedness of the old, but also to prevent one-sidedness, not accelerating the development of people and the opposition. Must be very clear, people oriented and speeding up development is not opposed, but consistent, we should never be法，即使是图中的一麈拂尾、一柄团扇，也无不精心刻划，精致周密，堪称是件一丝不苟的珍品。从而能够深刻地感受到唐代贵族女子娇慵不可方物的情态。

韦庄的《菩萨蛮》则直抒胸臆，显而疏，自然。读这首词如同观赏吴道子的名画《天王送子图》，薄施淡彩，因其笔法流转洗练，笔才一二，象已应焉。

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